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The Uniform Code Of Military - 1686 Words

The Uniform Code of Military justice (UCMJ) is a federal law, enacted by congress. It defines the military justice system and lists criminal offenses under military law (military). The president enacts rules by executive order known as Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM). The Manual for Court Martial details the rules and regulations for military court-martials and provides for maximum punishments for each military offense listed in the punitive articles of the UCMJ (Military). There is also a Non-Judicial Punishment, which consist of an article 15. Non-judicial punishment consist of normally and article 15. It is the most common type of punishment in the military. Non-judicial punishment is often called mast in the Navy and Coast Guard, and office hours in the Marine Corps (military). In an article 15 hearing the commanding officer is the judge and jury. There are 3 grades of article 15’s. There is summarized, company grade and field grade. In summarized and company grade, any commander can carry out the punishment. The punishment for a summarized article 15 is extra duty for 14 days. With a company grade service members may lose 7 days of base pay or even be reduced one pay grade for E4 and below. For field grade the commander administering the article 15 must be a major in rank or higher. Punishment is (a.) extra duty for 45 days (b.) restriction for 60 days (maximum of 45 days if combined with extra duty) (c.) oral reprimand or admonition (d.) forfeiture ofShow MoreRelatedUniform Code Of Military Justice1513 W ords   |  7 PagesUniform Code of Military Justice The purpose of this paper is to research the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and related policies. This examination seeks to explore the various aspects UCMJ by looking into the elements of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and by addressing the following: 1. Uniform Code of Military Justice 2. Non Judicial Punishment 3. Three types of court martial 4. Different types of discharges Understanding the needs of military families and the need to provide forRead MoreDisobey: Uniform Code of Military Justice1186 Words   |  5 PagesDisobey Failure to obey any lawful order or regulation shall be punished under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. (Article 92) When I was young I was told to be nice and follow all the rules and do what I was told especially in school. Here in the Marines is no different there are many rules and regulations that are meant to be followed under the Uniform Code of Military Justice Article 92.It’s Important to keep following the orders you are given by anyone who is higher rank than you or beenRead MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 PagesAND THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (UCMJ) Lorna Kennedy* I. INTRODUCTION In recent years scholars, throughout the legal and educational domain, have considered a vast range of topics through a Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) lens, to include, the characteristics of mental disability law, family law, criminal law and criminal procedure, employment law, gay rights law, and tort law. But, nowhere has there been a comprehensive plea for therapeutic jurisprudence within the military. UntilRead MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 PagesAND THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (UCMJ) Lorna Kennedy* I. INTRODUCTION In recent years scholars, throughout the legal and educational domain, have considered a vast range of topics through a Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) lens, to include, the characteristics of mental disability law, family law, criminal law and criminal procedure, employment law, gay rights law, and tort law. But, nowhere has there been a comprehensive plea for therapeutic jurisprudence within the military. UntilRead MoreThe Uniform Code of Military Justice Limits Speech Rights of American Military Service2600 Words   |  11 PagesThe Uniform Code of Military Justice Limits Speech Rights of American Military Service members †¨ There are multiple military directives and regulations that limit service members’ free speech rights. These are found within Defense Department Directives and Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Outside of the military, much of these restrictions would be allowed unconstitutional. However, courts tend to defer to the military’s courts, so these limitations have continued. Congress enacted the UCMJRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice makesRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pages92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice makesRead MoreCode Of Military And Military Justice1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the basis of the military legal system (Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 2014). In the UCMJ there are many articles that list the procedure for punishments and court system (Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 2014). The UCMJ applies to active members who are in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, â€Å"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps (NOAA), and Public Health Service Commissioned CorpsRead MoreDisrespecting Authority969 Words   |  4 Pagesthe uniform code of military justice states that, when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of Military JusticeRead MoreCustoms and Courtesies Essays700 Words   |  3 Pagescorps and unity. This is what makes the Marine Corps the brotherhood that it has become. Military courtesies include correct forms of address like; Sir, and Maam, and when each should be used; the salute, and standing at attention, proper wear of military covers, and the rules for behavior in different ceremonies. Specifics can change depending on an individuals rank, location, and conditions. A military funeral, for example, requires stricter etiquette than a normal day. Courtesies are sometimes

Sexuality and Gender in the Therapeutic Relationship Free Essays

Sexuality and gender in the therapeutic relationship There is a minefield awaiting the counsellor who has not given much time in the study of gender issues in the therapeutic relationship. When we enter a room to see a client, we are encouraged to bring ourselves as a complete person, so we can create a relationship with the client, and thus facilitate the changes he/she needs. To bring ourselves into the relationship we bring all aspects of our identity including our sexuality and our sexual hang-ups and our pre-conceived gender notions. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexuality and Gender in the Therapeutic Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now In spite of the fact that we are in a post-Victorian, post Irish catholic guilt, post free love time. We all carry the accumulated burden of our forefathers, educators policy makers and others. Firstly being male or female dictate how we deal with any situation. Whether its talking to our mothers to opening a can. Our gender and how we perceive ourselves in it informs our view of the world. If we look at the profession itself as a whole, counselling is defined by gender. Simply put there are more female counsellors than male by a huge factor. Also there are many more female clients than male. This tells us volumes. The profession is a caring one and is top heavy with those whose gender attract them to the caring professions. This puts a gender bias on all that psychotherapy does. Also the predominance of female clients can put the few male counsellors on their guard. This is because the person sitting opposite us in the room is our client, but also is a woman, with physical attributes and a subject of attraction to the male counsellor. Counselling is a one-to-one relationship that exists between two humans in which one is the focus ant the other is the companion or guide. The sex of the two protagonists is probably the first aspect that will impress upon either one. â€Å"The client coming for the first time might already know that she or he will be seeing a man or a woman. She might have certain expectations as result of this knowledge, for example she might expect a woman to be gentle and supportive and a man to be more judgemental and confrontational. † Palmer (1997) Therapy will tend to be dominated by the structures that society imposes on both the counsellor and the client. Once the therapist is aware of this here are two ways he/she can go. First they can try to act as if they are a â€Å"tabla rasa† or blank slate and be as neutral as possible and hope that by being counsellor first and a sexual being second. This is guaranteed to be a failure, primarily because the blank slate idiom is aspirational and not very practical. Also it goes against concreteness as the therapist will not be â€Å"there† in any real sense and wil l not function in any valid person centred way. The other alternative is â€Å"Explicit treatment†, which put gender issues at centre stage of therapy. This requires a clear understanding of the gender position of both protagonists in the therapeutic relationship. The dynamic between both is not a static situation as the initial meeting causes automatic reaction in the therapist. For example when faced with an attractive female client a male counsellor may think. â€Å"Nice smile, good legs† or â€Å"not pretty†, etc.. This gives way to â€Å"Good speaker, Lovely laugh,. † Then the presenting problem is aired and it would be hoped that the â€Å"skilled helper† mentality kicks in. But the societal hooks have dug into the therapist and may affect his relationship with the client. So until gender is expressed in some way it is hidden and can surface in an unhelpful way. There are many ways that this can be expressed. If part of the problem is self confidence issues, there would be a perfect lead in to a confidence boosting â€Å"You see yourself as ugly but you are an attractive woman with a strong personality. † for example. If the client dresses attractively it may be how she always dresses, perhaps as armour against the world. When people begin to see a counsellor they often see this as a new beginning and the attractive dress of the client might be an expression of her â€Å"newâ€Å" personality, making a strong effort to face the world more robustly, and to leave it uncommented on might do harm to her new-found confidence. Also it may be simple transference, so this should be explored in the therapeutic relationship. Other Gender Issues In our world we are also subject to the â€Å"Dominant Discourse† of our society. These are the system of statements, practices, and structures that share a common value and sustain a world view. It is so easy to let our societies be reflected in the therapy room, especially how we view gender. The best way to insure that society’s dominant discourses do not alter the desired â€Å"shape† of therapy is to make gender issues explicit in the therapy dialogue when relevant to the discussion. Explicit treatment can lead to reconstructions of the dominant discourses or at least an opening up to alternative discourses. We make assumptions when we meet clients, Housewife, business man, etc.. The male therapist may feel pressured to â€Å"fix† his female clients â€Å"problems† A female therapist may feel the need when dealing with a male client to display a very strong nurturing role and may avoid challenging her client into action. Conversely the therapist may, when facing a powerful man with attitude to match may become businesslike and direct because that is what society tells us to do when we â€Å"do business†. Same sex client and counsellor can be a problem too. Two people, especially if their backgrounds are similar, can collude with one another and not challenge if the therapist is not aware of the human tendency to let a cosy cartel of collusion to develop between two people of the same sex. There also may be a frisson between two people of the opposite sex and may cause an unease between them just because they are the opposite sex and carry whatever societal burden is imposed on them. The above attitudes are â€Å"static† and can be monitored and adjusted if the counsellor is aware of their presence and their effect can be lessened by self examination, supervision and personal therapy. But there is a more insidious side to gender issues. This is a â€Å"fluid† attitude change. If a male counsellor has been out for a game of rugby with his friends he could have a more â€Å"macho† base to his personality than if he has recently left the embrace of his loving wife and family. This could affect his dealings with a client. How we interact with our fellow man is affected by our experiences immediately before meeting them. An incident while driving may put us in an emotional state where our patience with the opposite sex may be compromised. There is an unfortunate side effect in the way society loudly defines our gender and how it manifests itself. We can become so preoccupied by our gender and the its affect on us in the counselling room that by being careful about how it affects us that we cease to be effective in our dealing with another human. AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW Janet Shibley Hyde of the University of Wisconsin-Madison has reviewed evidence from studies on cognition, communication, social and personality variables, psychological well-being, motor behaviours and other variables. She has turned all these aspects of gender in to one â€Å"meta survey† and came to the conclusion that fully 78% of the much vaunted differences between me and women are small or close to zero. (Hyde, 2005). There are 3 main areas of difference. Sexuality – in particular attitudes to sex in uncommitted relationships, Aggression – Men are usually the more aggressive . Motor performance – Men are better at throwing, jumping, running and such. So why are we so hung up on our differences if there are so few between the genders? Society has painted them in lurid colours and made us believe they are intractable. Perhaps it is not our position as men or women, but our position as humans that looks for differences that are not there, to define us as people. It also reminds us that rather than accuse the nebulous â€Å"Society† of putting a bias on our view of other humans we should remember that we are society ourselves. As Hyde puts it â€Å"It is time to consider the costs of over inflated claims on gender differences. Arguably, they cause harm in numerous realms, including women’s opportunities in the workplace, couple conflict and communication, and analyses of self-esteem problems with adolescents. Most important, these claims are not consistent with the scientific data. † Hyde (2005). Also there is the concept of gender as limiting rather than defining. Judith Butler (1956-) is Professor of Comparative Literature and Rhetoric at the University of California, Berkeley, and is well known as a theorist of power, gender, sexuality and identity. In her most influential book Gender Trouble (1999), Butler gave the history of feminism, a much vaunted alternative to the common view of gender, and argued that they had made a mistake by trying to assert that ‘women’ were a group with common characteristics and interests. That approach, Butler said, performed ‘an unwitting regulation and reification of gender relations’ — and reinforced the simplistic binary view of gender, albeit from an alternative view. If there are only two sides then no matter what side we choose we still support a simple binary view. Rather than opening up possibilities for a person to form and choose their own individual identity, â€Å"masculinism† never did it and feminism has closed the options down. Butler argues that sex (male, female) is the cause of gender (masculine, feminine) which is seen to cause desire (towards the other gender). Butler’s approach is basically to destroy the supposed links between these, so that gender and desire are flexible, unmoored from biology and not ’caused’ by other stable factors. Butler says: ‘There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender; †¦ identity is performatively constituted by the very â€Å"expressions† that are said to be its results. ‘ Butler J. (1999) . In other words, gender is a performance; it’s what you do at particular times, rather than a universal who you are. In the counselling room we may be victims of this binary problem. CONCLUSION As I read back over this essay I find that I have no personal recognisable stance on the issue of gender and sexuality. Perhaps I have had the fortune to be brought up in a liberal, forward thinking household and am less affected by society’s strictures. But alternatively I may be carrying around significant biases but not realise it. Also, if Hyde is right, I may be carrying around biases for differences that in the main part do not exist and this essay is a figment of my own imagination, an illusion that I share with the rest of humanity. And if I carry such a burden, the all of my fellow human carry similar ones so perhaps they cancel each other out. If we are to be real in the counselling room and we subscribe to Ms. Butlers ideas that unless we are careful to separate from gender we continue to perform the dance that we have been trained to do for millennia. BIBLIOGRAPHY Palmer Stephen, McMahon Gladeana, (1997), â€Å"Handbook of Counselling† page 272, Routledge. New York. Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-92. And 590. Butler Judith (1999) â€Å"Gender Trouble† p 25. Routledge New York How to cite Sexuality and Gender in the Therapeutic Relationship, Papers